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Memory card Miniaturization is evident in memory card creation; over time, the physical card sizes grow smaller.
A memory card or flash card is an electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information. They are commonly used in many electronic devices, including digital cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers, MP3 players and video game consoles. They are small, re-recordable, and able to retain data without power.
Contents
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1 History
2 Data table of selected memory card formats
3 Overview of all memory card types
4 Video game consoles
5 See also
6 References
[edit]History
PC Cards (PCMCIA) were among first commercial memory card formats (type I cards) to come out in the 1990s, but are now mainly used in industrial applications and to connect I/O devices such as modems. In 1990s, a number of memory card formats smaller than PC Card arrived, including CompactFlash, SmartMedia, and Miniature Card. The desire for smaller cards for cell-phones, PDAs, andcompact digital cameras drove a trend that left the previous generation of "compact" cards looking big. In digital cameras SmartMedia and CompactFlash had been very successful, in 2001 SM alone captured 50% of the digital camera market and CF had a stranglehold on professional digital cameras. By 2005 however, SD/MMC had nearly taken over SmartMedia's spot, though not to the same level and with stiff competition coming from Memory Stick variants, as well as CompactFlash. In industrial fields, even the venerable PC card (PCMCIA) memory cards still manage to maintain a niche, while in mobile phones and PDAs, the memory card market was highly fragmented until 2010 when micro-SD came to dominate new high-end phones and tablet computers.
Since 2010, new products of Sony (previously only using Memory Stick) and Olympus (previously only using XD-Card) are offered with an additional SD-Card slot.[1] Effectively the format war has turned in SD-Card's favor.[2][3][4]
[edit]Data table of selected memory card formats
Name
Acronym
Form factor
DRM
PC Card
PCMCIA
85.6 × 54 × 3.3 mm
No
CompactFlash I
CF-I
43 × 36 × 3.3 mm
No
CompactFlash II
CF-II
43 × 36 × 5.5 mm
No
SmartMedia
SM / SMC
45 × 37 × 0.76 mm
No
Memory Stick
MS
50.0 × 21.5 × 2.8 mm
MagicGate
Memory Stick Duo
MSD
50.0 × 21.5 × 2.8 mm
MagicGate
Memory Stick PRO Duo
MSPD
31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm
MagicGate
Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo
MSPDX
31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm
MagicGate
Memory Stick Micro M2
M2
15.0 × 12.5 × 1.2 mm
MagicGate
Miniature Card
37 × 45 × 3.5 mm
No
Multimedia Card
MMC
32 × 24 × 1.5 mm
No
Reduced Size Multimedia Card
RS-MMC
16 × 24 × 1.5 mm
No
MMCmicro Card
MMCmicro
12 × 14 × 1.1 mm
No
P2 card
P2
No
Secure Digital card
SD
32 × 24 × 2.1 mm
CPRM
SxS
SxS
No
Universal Flash Storage
UFS
Unknown
miniSD card
miniSD
21.5 × 20 × 1.4 mm
CPRM
microSD card
microSD
15 × 11 × 0.7 mm
CPRM
xD-Picture Card
xD
20 × 25 × 1.7 mm
No
Intelligent Stick
iStick
24 × 18 × 2.8 mm
No
Serial Flash Module
SFM
45 × 15 mm
No
µ card
µcard
32 × 24 × 1 mm
Unknown
NT Card
NT NT+
44 × 24 × 2.5 mm
No
XQD card
XQD
38.5 × 29.8 × 3.8 mm
Unknown
Secure Digital card (SD)
MiniSD Card with an SD card adapter
CompactFlash (CF-I)
Memory Stick
MultiMediaCard (MMC)
SmartMedia
xD-Picture Card (xD)
[edit]Overview of all memory card types
Main article: Comparison of memory cards
PCMCIA ATA Type I Flash Memory Card (PC Card ATA Type I)
PCMCIA Type II, Type III cards
CompactFlash Card (Type I), CompactFlash High-Speed
CompactFlash Type II, CF+(CF2.0), CF3.0
Microdrive
MiniCard (Miniature Card) (max 64 MB (64 MiB))
SmartMedia Card (SSFDC) (max 128 MB) (3.3 V,5 V)
xD-Picture Card, xD-Picture Card Type M
Memory Stick, MagicGate Memory Stick (max 128 MB); Memory Stick Select, MagicGate Memory Stick Select ("Select" means: 2x128 MB with A/B switch)
SecureMMC
Secure Digital (SD Card), Secure Digital High-Speed, Secure Digital Plus/Xtra/etc (SD with USB connector)
miniSD card
microSD card (aka Transflash, T-Flash)
SDHC
MU-Flash (Mu-Card) (Mu-Card Alliance of OMIA)
C-Flash
SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module)
Smart card (ISO/IEC 7810, ISO/IEC 7816 card standards, etc.)
UFC (USB FlashCard) [1] (uses USB)
FISH Universal Transportable Memory Card Standard (uses USB)
Intelligent Stick (iStick, a USB-based flash memory card with MMS)
SxS (S-by-S) memory card, a new memory card specification developed by Sandisk and Sony. SxS complies to the ExpressCardindustry standard. [5]
Nexflash Winbond Serial Flash Module (SFM) cards, size range 1 mb, 2 mb and 4 mb.
[edit]Video game consoles
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PlayStation memory card
Video game consoles use memory cards to hold saved game data. Cartridge-based systems primarily used battery-backed volatile RAM within each individual cartridge to hold saves for that game. The Neo Geo AES, released in 1990 by SNK, was the first video game console able to use a memory card. AES memory cards were also compatible with Neo-Geo MVS arcade cabinets, allowing players to migrate saves between home and arcade systems and vice versa. Memory cards became commonplace when home consoles moved to read-onlyoptical discs for storing the game program, beginning with systems such as the TurboGrafx-CD and Mega-CD.
Until the sixth generation of video game consoles, memory cards were based on proprietary formats; later systems have used established industry hardware formats for memory cards.
Home consoles now commonly use hard disk drive storage for saved games, though most portable gaming systems still rely on custom memory cartridges to store program data, due to their low power consumption, smaller physical size and reduced mechanical complexity.
